{"id":23824,"date":"2026-09-03T12:37:54","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T12:37:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lite14.net\/blog\/?p=23824"},"modified":"2026-09-03T12:37:54","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T12:37:54","slug":"preimplantation-genetic-testing-understanding-pgt-a-pgt-m-and-pgt-sr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lite14.net\/blog\/2026\/09\/03\/preimplantation-genetic-testing-understanding-pgt-a-pgt-m-and-pgt-sr\/","title":{"rendered":"Preimplantation Genetic Testing: Understanding PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a laboratory technique used alongside IVF to examine the genetic makeup of embryos before they are transferred to the uterus. By identifying chromosomal or genetic abnormalities early, PGT helps intended parents and their <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/drhrishikeshpai.com\/\"><b>IVF doctor<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> choose embryos with the best chance of resulting in a healthy pregnancy. There are three main types of PGT, each designed for a different purpose: PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/lite14.net\/blog\/2026\/09\/03\/preimplantation-genetic-testing-understanding-pgt-a-pgt-m-and-pgt-sr\/#What_Is_Preimplantation_Genetic_Testing\" >What Is Preimplantation Genetic Testing?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/lite14.net\/blog\/2026\/09\/03\/preimplantation-genetic-testing-understanding-pgt-a-pgt-m-and-pgt-sr\/#PGT-A_Testing_for_Aneuploidy\" >PGT-A: Testing for Aneuploidy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/lite14.net\/blog\/2026\/09\/03\/preimplantation-genetic-testing-understanding-pgt-a-pgt-m-and-pgt-sr\/#PGT-M_Testing_for_Monogenic_Single-Gene_Disorders\" >PGT-M: Testing for Monogenic (Single-Gene) Disorders<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/lite14.net\/blog\/2026\/09\/03\/preimplantation-genetic-testing-understanding-pgt-a-pgt-m-and-pgt-sr\/#PGT-SR_Testing_for_Structural_Rearrangements\" >PGT-SR: Testing for Structural Rearrangements<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/lite14.net\/blog\/2026\/09\/03\/preimplantation-genetic-testing-understanding-pgt-a-pgt-m-and-pgt-sr\/#How_the_Testing_Process_Works\" >How the Testing Process Works<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/lite14.net\/blog\/2026\/09\/03\/preimplantation-genetic-testing-understanding-pgt-a-pgt-m-and-pgt-sr\/#Benefits_and_Limitations\" >Benefits and Limitations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/lite14.net\/blog\/2026\/09\/03\/preimplantation-genetic-testing-understanding-pgt-a-pgt-m-and-pgt-sr\/#Is_PGT_Right_for_You\" >Is PGT Right for You?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_Preimplantation_Genetic_Testing\"><\/span><b>What Is Preimplantation Genetic Testing?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">During an IVF cycle, embryos are grown in a laboratory for five to six days until they reach the blastocyst stage. At this point, a small number of cells are carefully removed from the outer layer of the embryo (the part that will eventually form the placenta, not the fetus itself) in a process called a trophectoderm biopsy. These cells are sent to a genetics lab for analysis while the embryo is frozen and stored at the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/saraogihospital.com\/\"><b>IVF centre<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, awaiting results.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Once testing is complete, the embryology and genetics team can identify which embryos are chromosomally normal or free of a specific inherited condition, allowing for more informed embryo selection during a future frozen embryo transfer.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PGT-A_Testing_for_Aneuploidy\"><\/span><b>PGT-A: Testing for Aneuploidy<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PGT-A (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy) screens embryos for an abnormal number of chromosomes. A normal human embryo should have 46 chromosomes\u00a0 23 from each parent. Aneuploidy occurs when there are extra or missing chromosomes, a common cause of failed implantation, miscarriage, and conditions such as Down syndrome (Trisomy 21).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Who might consider PGT-A:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Women of advanced maternal age (typically 35 and older), since egg quality and chromosomal accuracy decline with age<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Couples with a history of recurrent miscarriage<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Those who have had previous failed IVF cycles<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Couples using IVF who want to reduce the chance of transferring a chromosomally abnormal embryo<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What it can tell you:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> PGT-A does not diagnose specific diseases. Instead, it identifies whether an embryo has the correct number of chromosomes (euploid), too many or too few (aneuploid), or a mix of both (mosaic). Only euploid or, in some cases, low-level mosaic embryos are typically prioritized for transfer.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PGT-M_Testing_for_Monogenic_Single-Gene_Disorders\"><\/span><b>PGT-M: Testing for Monogenic (Single-Gene) Disorders<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PGT-M (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic disorders), formerly known as PGD (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis), is used when one or both parents carry a known genetic mutation for a specific inherited condition. This test looks for that particular mutation in the embryo&#8217;s DNA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Conditions commonly tested for with PGT-M include:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cystic fibrosis<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Huntington&#8217;s disease<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sickle cell disease<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tay-Sachs disease<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">BRCA1\/BRCA2 mutations (hereditary breast and ovarian cancer risk)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Spinal muscular atrophy<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Who might consider PGT-M:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Couples who are known carriers of a single-gene disorder<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Individuals with a family history of a serious inherited condition<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Couples who have previously had a child affected by a genetic disease<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Before pursuing PGT-M, a custom genetic probe must usually be developed for the specific mutation in question, which requires genetic counseling and sometimes additional testing of family members. Your <\/span><b>IVF doctor<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> will typically coordinate closely with a genetic counselor throughout this process to make sure the probe is accurate before testing begins.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PGT-SR_Testing_for_Structural_Rearrangements\"><\/span><b>PGT-SR: Testing for Structural Rearrangements<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PGT-SR (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Structural Rearrangements) is used when one or both parents carry a chromosomal rearrangement, such as a translocation or inversion. In these cases, the total genetic material may be normal, but it is arranged differently, which can lead embryos to inherit unbalanced amounts of chromosomal material.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Who might consider PGT-SR:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Individuals known to carry a balanced translocation or inversion<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Couples with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss linked to a structural chromosomal issue<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Those identified as carriers through prior genetic testing, often after a difficult pregnancy history<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What it can tell you:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> PGT-SR helps identify embryos with a balanced or normal chromosomal structure, reducing the risk of implantation failure or miscarriage caused by unbalanced chromosomal material.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_the_Testing_Process_Works\"><\/span><b>How the Testing Process Works<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Ovarian stimulation and egg retrieval<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2014 as in standard IVF<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Fertilization<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2014 typically using ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) to minimize contamination of the sample with extra sperm DNA<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Embryo culture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2014 embryos are grown to the blastocyst stage (Day 5, 6, or 7)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Biopsy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2014 a few cells are removed from the trophectoderm<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Vitrification (freezing)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2014 the embryo is frozen while biopsy results are pending<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Genetic analysis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2014 the biopsied cells are analyzed in a specialized genetics lab<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Results and embryo selection<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2014 the clinical team reviews results with the patient to select the embryo(s) for transfer<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Frozen embryo transfer (FET)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2014 the chosen embryo is thawed and transferred in a subsequent cycle<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Benefits_and_Limitations\"><\/span><b>Benefits and Limitations<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Potential benefits:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">May reduce the risk of miscarriage related to chromosomal abnormalities<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">May improve the chances of a successful pregnancy per embryo transfer<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can lower the likelihood of transferring an embryo affected by a known inherited condition<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">May help reduce the emotional and physical toll of repeated failed transfers in some patients<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Limitations to consider:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PGT adds cost and time to the IVF process<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Biopsy carries a small theoretical risk to the embryo, though modern techniques have made this minimal<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Testing cannot guarantee a healthy baby or successful pregnancy it reduces certain risks but does not eliminate them<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mosaic results can be complex and may require detailed genetic counseling to interpret<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Not all genetic or developmental conditions can be detected through PGT<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_PGT_Right_for_You\"><\/span><b>Is PGT Right for You?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The decision to pursue PGT-A, PGT-M, or PGT-SR is highly individual and depends on factors such as age, reproductive history, known genetic risks, and personal values. Genetic counseling is a valuable\u00a0 and often essential\u00a0 part of this decision-making process, helping patients understand test accuracy, potential outcomes, and how results might affect their family planning.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Anyone considering PGT should discuss their specific situation with a reproductive endocrinologist and a certified genetic counselor to determine whether testing aligns with their medical history and goals. Choosing an experienced <\/span><b>IVF centre<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> with an accredited genetics lab and a skilled embryology team can also make a meaningful difference in the accuracy and reliability of your results.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a laboratory technique used alongside IVF to examine the genetic makeup of embryos before they are transferred to the uterus&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":212,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[270],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23824","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-digital-marketing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Preimplantation Genetic Testing: Understanding PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR - Lite14 Tools &amp; 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